What kind of rubbish are you?

The lesson’s vocabulary

Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutralHide colors

• 垃圾
  lājī

  trash; refuse; garbage

• 规定
  guīdìng

  to stipulate; to specify; regulations

• 实行
  shíxíng

  to implement; to carry out; to put into practice

• 分类
  fēnlèi

  to classify

• 减少
  jiǎnshǎo

  to lessen; to decrease

• 污染
  wūrǎn

  (lit. and fig.) to pollute; to contaminate

• 节约
  jiéyuē

  to economize; to conserve (resources); economy

• 资源
  zīyuán

  natural resource (such as water or minerals)

• 目标
  mùbiāo

  target; goal; objective

• 回收
  huíshōu

  to recycle; to reclaim; to retrieve

• 有害
  yǒu hài

  destructive; harmful; damaging

• 复杂
  fùzá

  complicated; complex

• 凡是
  fánshì

  each and every; every

• 利用
  lìyòng

  to exploit; to make use of; to use

• 塑料
  sùliào

  plastic

• 桶
  tǒng

  bucket; (trash) can; barrel (of oil etc)

• 电池
  diànchí

  battery; electric cell

• 过期
  guòqī

  to be overdue; to exceed the time limit

• 属于
  shǔyú

  to belong to; to fall under (a category)

• 单独
  dāndú

  alone; by oneself; on one's own

• 以免
  yǐmiǎn

  in order to avoid; so as not to

• 土地
  tǔdì

  land; soil; territory

• 剩
  shèng

  to remain; to be left; to have as remainder

• 何况
  hékuàng

  let alone; besides; what's more

• 志愿者
  zhìyuànzhě

  volunteer

• 进行
  jìnxíng

  (of a process etc) to proceed; to be in progress

• 检查
  jiǎnchá

  to examine; to inspect; inspection

• 加以
  jiāyǐ

  (formal) to apply; to carry out; (literary) moreover

• 说明
  shuōmíng

  to explain; to illustrate; to indicate

• 辛苦
  xīnkǔ

  exhausting; hard; tough

• 效果
  xiàoguǒ

  result; effect; efficacy

• 明显
  míngxiǎn

  clear; distinct; obvious

• 环境
  huánjìng

  environment; circumstances; surroundings

• 总之
  zǒngzhī

  in a word; in short; in brief

• 环保
  huánbǎo

  environmental protection; environmentally friendly

The lesson’s grammar

• 何况 / 况且: let alone / besides

  A 都/尚且…，(更)何况 B (呢)？ | 理由1，况且 + 理由2

• 以免 / 免得: so as not to, lest

  Action (precaution)，以免/免得 + unwanted consequence

• 以…为…: take… as…

  以 + A + 为 + B (主/中心/例/目标/荣…)

• 凡是…都…: all, every (without exception)

  凡是 + N/relative clause (的)，都 + V

• 加以 / 进行: formal "dummy" verbs

  对 + O + 加以/进行 + two-syllable V (研究、分析、处理…)

• 总之 / 换句话说 / 总而言之: discourse markers

  …。总之/总而言之，+ conclusion | …，换句话说，+ reformulation