Result complements: 懂, 见, 到, 会, 错, 对
补语 / complements (结果补语)
Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutral
The verb names the action, the complement says whether it succeeded:
听懂 / 看懂 = understand by listening / reading (听 = listen; 听懂 = understand).
看见 / 听见 = see, hear (perceive).
找到 / 买到 / 收到 = manage to find / buy / receive.
学会 = have learned, master.
写错 / 说错 / 做对 = write wrongly, misspeak, get right.
Negative: 没 + V + complement: 我没听懂. Just like English "look" ≠ "see": 看 ≠ 看见.
Examples
老师说的话你听懂了吗？
Lǎoshī shuō de huà nǐ tīngdǒng le ma?Did you understand what the teacher said?
这个字你写错了。
Zhège zì nǐ xiěcuò le.You wrote this character wrong.
我找到那本书了！
Wǒ zhǎodào nà běn shū le!I found that book!
我已经学会用这个软件了。
Wǒ yǐjīng xuéhuì yòng zhège ruǎnjiàn le.I've already learned how to use this software.
你看见我的笔了吗？
Nǐ kànjiàn wǒ de bǐ le ma?Have you seen my pen?
Common mistakes
✗ 我不听懂 → ✓ 我没听懂 (or 我听不懂 = I can't understand, potential form).
我找了我的笔 (= I looked for) ≠ ✓ 我找到了我的笔 (= I found).