The receiver as subject: 饭吃完了, 作业我做完了
【四35】主语 / sentence components
Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutral
Chinese likes to put the thing that undergoes the action first, as the topic of the sentence, with no 被 and no 把: 饭吃完了 ("the meal is finished"), 作业我做完了 ("my homework, I've finished it"). The agent, if it is mentioned, comes between the receiver and the verb.
The verb never stands bare: it carries a result complement, 了 or 过 (这本书我已经看过三遍了, 房间已经打扫干净了). Without one, the sentence feels unfinished.
Contrast: with 被, you stress what was suffered, often something unwelcome (书被借走了); with 把, the agent acts on an object placed after it (我把作业做完了). Here there is none of that: you simply talk about the thing, which both speakers already know. It is the natural way to say it in speech.
Examples
饭吃完了。
Fàn chī wán le.The meal is finished.
作业我做完了。
Zuòyè wǒ zuò wán le.My homework, I've finished it.
这本小说我已经看过三遍了。
Zhè běn xiǎoshuō wǒ yǐjīng kàn guo sān biàn le.This novel, I've already read three times.
新书上个星期就借光了。
Xīn shū shàng ge xīngqī jiù jiè guāng le.The new books were all checked out as early as last week.
客人的房间已经打扫干净了。
Kèrén de fángjiān yǐjīng dǎsǎo gānjìng le.The guests' room has already been cleaned.
这个问题大家都讨论过了。
Zhège wèntí dàjiā dōu tǎolùn guo le.This question, everyone has already discussed.
Common mistakes
✗ 饭吃。 → ✓ 饭吃完了。 (a bare verb feels unfinished, it needs a complement or 了).
✗ 作业我被做完了。 → ✓ 作业我做完了。 (被 suggests something unwelcome, here it is a simple action).