Place and result objects: 进教室, 盖房子
【六38】宾语 / sentence components
Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutral
Not every object is something that existed before the action. A place object (处所宾语) is where the action leads or takes place: 进教室, 上楼, 爬山, 回家. It follows the verb directly, with no preposition: where English "goes into" the classroom, Chinese says 进教室. With 来 / 去 the place goes in between: 他进教室去了.
A result object (结果宾语) comes into being through the action: the house only exists once it has been 盖'd; likewise 建食堂, 写文章, 画图纸, 做预算. 盖房子是一件大事; 学校正在校园里建食堂.
A result object is new and usually indefinite (一个食堂, 一份方案), which is why it does not go after 把, which asks for a known, definite object: 学校建了一个食堂, not 学校把一个食堂建了. As for the place, you add neither 在 nor 到 when the verb takes it directly: 我们每天爬六楼.
Examples
他马上就进教室了。
Tā mǎshàng jiù jìn jiàoshì le.He is going into the classroom right away.
我们每天爬六楼。
Wǒmen měi tiān pá liù lóu.Every day we climb up to the sixth floor.
老人每次上楼都要歇两次。
Lǎorén měi cì shàng lóu dōu yào xiē liǎng cì.Every time they go upstairs, the old folk have to stop twice for a rest.
学校打算在操场旁边建一个新食堂。
Xuéxiào dǎsuàn zài cāochǎng pángbiān jiàn yí ge xīn shítáng.The school plans to build a new canteen beside the sports field.
盖房子是一件大事，不能随便。
Gài fángzi shì yí jiàn dà shì, bù néng suíbiàn.Building a house is a big matter, you can't be casual about it.
他用了一个晚上，写了一篇两千字的文章。
Tā yòng le yí ge wǎnshang, xiě le yì piān liǎng qiān zì de wénzhāng.He spent an evening writing a two-thousand-character article.
Common mistakes
✗ 我们每天爬在六楼 → ✓ 我们每天爬六楼 (no 在 before a place object).
✗ 学校把一个食堂建了 → ✓ 学校建了一个食堂 (a new, indefinite object does not go after 把).
✗ 我爬了山上 → ✓ 我爬了山 / 我爬到了山上 (the place is 山 itself; with 山上 you need 到).