番, 声, 趟: verbal measure words

番, 声 and 趟 count an action and follow the verb, in place of the neutral 次 (hsk2-g41) when the nature of the act matters: V + 一番 for an action carried through thoroughly (打扮一番, 讨论一番), V + 一声 for a call, a word, a sound (喊了几声, 说一声), V + 一趟 for a round trip to a place (回一趟老家, 白跑三趟).

番 goes with verbs that take time, care or effort: talking, thinking, preparing, tidying up. It is almost always 一番, and the verb takes 了 once the action is done: 她打扮了一番. It also appears before a noun: 一番话 (words that leave a mark), 一番心意. It does not suit a plain act: a meal is counted with 顿 (hsk3-g41).

声 counts utterances and noises: 喊了几声, 咳嗽了两声. Two uses to remember: 说一声 ("let someone know") in 走之前跟我说一声, and 打声招呼 ("say a word, give notice in advance"), where 一声 shortens to 声 (打声招呼 = 打一声招呼).

趟 counts round trips: 去一趟, 回来一趟, 跑了三趟 (hsk3-g41 lists it with 次, 遍, 顿, 场). The idea of going *and* coming back matters; for a bare occurrence, 次 will do. A verb-object word like 出差 takes the measure word inside: 出一趟差. Register: 声 and 趟 are everyday words; 番 is a little more formal.