致使 / 使得: cause, result in
动词 / verbs
Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutral
Cause + 致使/使得 + O + V/Adj
Written causative verbs, formal counterparts of 让/使:
• 使得 = "make, cause to be": neutral, good or bad outcome: 新技术使得生产更加高效.
• 致使 = "lead to, result in": almost always a negative result, common in rulings and accident reports: 管理不善，致使公司破产.
Pivot structure: cause + 致使/使得 + who + what.
Examples
司机酒后驾驶，致使两人受伤。
Sījī jiǔ hòu jiàshǐ, zhìshǐ liǎng rén shòushāng.The driver drove drunk, injuring two people.
互联网的普及使得信息传播更加迅速。
Hùliánwǎng de pǔjí shǐde xìnxī chuánbō gèngjiā xùnsù.The spread of the internet has made information travel faster.
法律漏洞致使许多受害者得不到赔偿。
Fǎlǜ lòudòng zhìshǐ xǔduō shòuhàizhě dé bu dào péicháng.Legal loopholes have left many victims without compensation.
Common mistakes
✗ 致使 + a happy outcome: ✗ 他的努力致使他成功了 → ✓ 使得/让他成功了。
✗ Reading 使得 as *shǐ dé*: ✓ *shǐde*.