不带关联词语的句群: rhythm in place of connectives
【高146】句群 / sentence groups (不带关联词语)
Tone colorsā tone 1á tone 2ǎ tone 3à tone 4a neutral
In a 句群 without connectives the relation between the sentences is not stated: it is read from the order of the sentences, their parallel form and their repetitions. The standard (高146) gives 风,更猛了。雪,更大了。我们每前进一步,更艰难了。: three sentences, no 因为 and no 所以, and yet you follow a build-up, the wind, the snow, the march.
Three devices: (1) parallelism, the same frame in every sentence (图书馆的夜,我们一起熬过。操场上的雨,我们一起淋过。); (2) repetition of a word or a frame (四年前,……。四年后,……。); (3) order: the sequence of events or causes follows the sequence of the sentences. The reader rebuilds the link (cause, sequence, contrast); do not write it in by reflex and, when translating, do not add "so" or "then".
It is a matter of style, leaner, more rhythmic and more literary than the group with connectives (hsk7-g78). It suits descriptions, speeches and lists of three (排比). If the reader might get the relation wrong, add a connective. Do not confuse it with a run of clauses separated by commas inside one sentence (我来了,我看了,我赢了, hsk5-g73): here every sentence ends in a full stop.
Examples
草绿了,花开了,河面上的冰雪也开始融化了。
Cǎo lǜ le, huā kāi le, hémiàn shang de bīngxuě yě kāishǐ rónghuà le.The grass is turning green, the flowers are opening, and the ice on the river is starting to melt.
雨停了。街上的灯一盏一盏地亮了起来。
Yǔ tíng le. Jiē shang de dēng yì zhǎn yì zhǎn de liàng le qǐlái.The rain has stopped. Along the street the lamps come on one by one.
四年前,我们拖着行李走进这座校园。四年后,我们带着回忆走出这座校园。
Sì nián qián, wǒmen tuōzhe xíngli zǒujìn zhè zuò xiàoyuán. Sì nián hòu, wǒmen dàizhe huíyì zǒuchū zhè zuò xiàoyuán.Four years ago we dragged our luggage into this campus. Four years on, we walk out of it carrying our memories.
图书馆的夜,我们一起熬过。操场上的雨,我们一起淋过。食堂门口的长队,我们一起排过。
Túshūguǎn de yè, wǒmen yìqǐ áoguo. Cāochǎng shang de yǔ, wǒmen yìqǐ línguo. Shítáng ménkǒu de chángduì, wǒmen yìqǐ páiguo.The library nights, we sat through together. The rain on the sports field, we stood in together. The long queues outside the canteen, we waited in together.
风,更猛了。雪,更大了。我们每前进一步,更艰难了。
Fēng, gèng měng le. Xuě, gèng dà le. Wǒmen měi qiánjìn yí bù, gèng jiānnán le.The wind, fiercer. The snow, heavier. With every step forward, the going was harder.
Common mistakes
✗ 草绿了,所以花开了。 → ✓ 草绿了,花开了。 (in a run of images no cause is meant: 所以 invents one).
✗ 图书馆的夜,我们一起熬过。操场上,下雨了,大家都淋湿了。食堂的队,排了很久。 → ✓ 图书馆的夜,我们一起熬过。操场上的雨,我们一起淋过。食堂门口的长队,我们一起排过。 (parallelism needs the same frame at every beat; otherwise the rhythm is lost).